Chemistry Final Exam Review Semester II Chapter 10: Causes of Change Section 10.1: Energy Transfer 1. Define enthalpy 2. What does adding heat do to movement of particles? 3. Distinguish between heat and temperature 4. Perform calculations using molar heat capacity 5. Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy is neither created nor destroyed 6. Specific Heat 7. conversion of joules to kilojoules 8. conversion of degrees Celsius to Kelvin 9. Vocab: Heat, joules, absolute zero Section 10.2: Just one thing 1. q = mcpT Section 10.3: Changes in Enthalpy during chemical or physical reactions 1. Calorimetry 2. Nutritionists relevance 3. Calories vs joules Labs: Discovering Cold Packs Lab & Counting Calories Lab Chapter 13: Solutions Section 13.1: What is a Solution? 1. Distinguish between solutions, suspensions and colloids 2. Describe some techniques chemists use to separate mixtures 3. Vocab: solutions, solvent, solute, filtration, decantation, chromatography, distillation, evaporation, centrifuge Section 13.3: Solubility & the Dissolving Process 1. Identify applications of solubility principles, and relate them to polarity and intermolecular forces 2. Vitamin C vs Vitamin A 3. Explain what happens at the particle level when a solid compound dissolves in a liquid 4. Describe solutions in terms of their degree of saturation 5. Describe the process of creating a supersaturated substance and list examples 6. Vocab: solubility, miscible, immiscible, dissociation, saturated, unsaturated, supersaturated, colligative properties Labs: Solubility and Temperature: A Solubility Curve, Ice Cream Lab Chapter 15: Acids and Bases Distinguish properties of strong & weak acids and bases What does an acid do when it is dissolved in water? What is H3O+ vs H+? Why do acid solutions conduct electricity well? What is the main product of an acid reacting with a very reactive metal? What property does this product have? What is a strong electrolyte compared to a weak electrolyte? What do the arrows of this chemical reaction look like if it is a weak acid or weak base vs a strong acid or strong electrolyte? Why are bases slippery? What do bases do when they are dissolved in water? How is concentration measured? What is the concentration of [H3O+] and [OH-] in basic vs acidic vs neutral pH? What is the actual value concentration of [H3O+] and [OH-] in a neutral solution? What is the Kw? What is the equation that uses the Kw? Be able to calculate the [H3O+] if you know the [OH-] and vice versa. What is the meaning of pH? What is the equation to calculate the pH if you know the [H3O+]? What is the [H3O+] if you know the pH? What is an acid-base indicator? How did you use them in the lab? Labs: Household Acids and Bases & Properties of Acids and Bases & Natural Indicators Nutrition Unit Every little detail from Power Point notes Labs: Lactose Intolerance Lipids Lab Proteins Lab Food Testing Lab What are the tests used to identify lipids, proteins and carbohydrates and how do they work Chapter 19: Carbon and Organic Compounds Section 19.1: Compounds of Carbon 1. Explain the 3 unique properties of C that make the formation of organic molecules possible 2. Describe alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and cycloalkane 3. Define Allotropes in relation to diamonds, graphite, “buckyballs” 4. What is an organic compound? a. What atoms are they made of always b. What other atoms are commonly present in organic compounds c. How are organic compounds grouped? d. What are functional groups? Have 2 examples prepared. Section 19.2: Names & Structures of Organic Compounds 1. Name alkanes, alkenes and alkynes from their structural formula 2. Name branched hydrocarbons from their structural formula 3. Know the prefixes from 1 carbon to 10 carbons in a chain 4. Rules for numbering branches, and double and triple bonds Section 19.3: Organic Reactions 1. monomers, polymers, cross-linking 2. Relationship of these words above to Slime Lab Labs: Shampoo Lab micelle, acidic vs. basic conditions Slime Lab cross-linker Lab Materials to identify and name: Erlenmeyer Flask Beaker (w/ capacity) Test Tube Evaporation Dish Massing Boat Balance Test tube Clamps Scoopula Pipet Micropipeter Centrifugue Funnel Mortar and Pestle Bunsen Burner Graduated Cylinder